Setting aside whether these statements are correctly attributed to the revered Qadi, I will offer my general view on the specific issues they raise.
Without doubt, Allah, Blessed and Exalted, possesses names and attributes. In other words, every beautiful name belongs to God. But we must not confuse what belongs to God with God Himself—just as the heavens and the earth belong to God:
النساء : 126 و لله ما فی السماوات و ما فی الأرض و کان الله بکل شیء محیطا
Nor can we—God forbid—identify the Divine Essence with the heavens and the earth! The fact that the Most Beautiful Names belong exclusively to the Divine Essence establishes the Lord’s ownership and sovereignty over them. This exclusivity in no way means that the Essence is identical with a name:
الأعراف : 180 و لله الأسماء الحسنى فادعوه بها و ذروا الذین یلحدون فی أسمائه سیجزون ما کانوا یعملون
طه : 8 الله لا إله إلا هو له الأسماء الحسنى
The explicit wording of the hadith about the creation of the names bears witness to this truth: “He created a name … the names and attributes are created things …”
عن أبی عبد الله ع قال:- إن الله تبارک و تعالى خلق اسما بالحروف غیر متصوت و ...
الکافی (ط - الإسلامیه)، ج1، ص: 111
Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon him, said: “... God existed when there was neither remembrance nor anything remembered. The One remembered through remembrance is God, the Eternal, who has always been. The names and attributes are created things; the meanings, and the One signified by them, are God ...”
الکافی (ط - الإسلامیه)، ج1، ص: 116
In some hadiths, the names are referred to as attributes. In other words, we may speak of the Most Beautiful Names as Divine attributes:
Imam al-Baqir, peace be upon him, said: “... The names are attributes by which He has described Himself.”
الکافی (ط - الإسلامیه)، ج1، ص: 88
The Lord Most Exalted’s “supreme likeness” likewise points to His being beyond description. That the supreme likeness belongs exclusively to the Divine Essence means that He alone cannot be described: attributes cannot serve as representations of the Divine Essence.
“... He says: ‘My Lord is the Supreme Likeness, far above what they liken Him to.’ God’s is the Supreme Likeness, to which nothing is like, which cannot be described or conceived. That, then, is the Supreme Likeness ...”
التوحید (للصدوق)، ص: 324
“... The supreme likeness belongs to God alone: He has no likeness, cannot be described, and cannot be conceived. That, then, is the Supreme Likeness ...”
النحل : 60 للذین لا یؤمنون بالآخره مثل السوء و لله المثل الأعلى و هو العزیز الحکیم
الروم : 27 و هو الذی یبدؤا الخلق ثم یعیده و هو أهون علیه و له المثل الأعلى فی السماوات و الأرض و هو العزیز الحکیم
It is not the case that everything that comes into existence does so only through the names and attributes. God, the Almighty, has power to create in any way He wills, whether through the names and attributes or without them. He brought the names into existence without any intermediary at all. The continued existence of the names and attributes, too, depends solely on the will of Allah, Blessed and Exalted; they have no conceivable independence.
If God, the Almighty, so wills, He brings something into being with “Be, and it is”; and if He so wills, He splits open a heart of light and creates countless worlds from within it!
Worshipping the names and attributes is sheer disbelief and outright polytheism!
عن هشام بن الحکم أنه سأل أبا عبد الله ع عن أسماء الله و اشتقاقها الله مما هو مشتق قال فقال لی یا هشام الله مشتق من إله و الإله یقتضی مألوها و الاسم غیر المسمى فمن عبد الاسم دون المعنى فقد کفر و لم یعبد شیئا