Written transcript of the lecture
The Meshkat-e Noor teachings series🌼🔆🌼Seeking Refuge: God’s Impregnable Fortress🌼🔆🌼
🌹🔅☘️ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحيمِ ☘️🔅🌹
🔅🌹 “Fleeing from Sin” “Seeking Refuge” “Nazgh, Waswasa, Hamz” “Continuing the Commentary on Supplication 20 of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya” “Rawʿ” and More … Summary with Supplement 1405.03.07 Ali Sa‘i (Abdullah Meshkat) 110.141(903) 🌹🔅
🌸 🕋🔆 اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ مَا يُلْقِي الشَّيْطَانُ فِي رُوعِي🔆 🕋 🌸
☘️🌹مِنَ التَّمَنِّي وَ التَّظَنِّي وَ الْحَسَدِ🌹☘️
🤲 🔆ذِكْراً لِعَظَمَتِكَ، وَ تَفَكُّراً فِي قُدْرَتِكَ، وَ تَدْبِيراً عَلَى عَدُوِّك🔆 🤲
✅Guard your “rawʿ” as you would a peerless gem! “Rawʿ” is a major hub of the human perceptual and emotional system.
❇️A preventive approach
The surest way to stay safe from sin is to flee from it while seeking refuge in the Most High Lord!
Do not test sin! No one tastes deadly poison!
True courage and genuine heroism lie in never experiencing sin. Escaping sin and its consequences is a great success, but it cannot compare with keeping away from it and never associating with it.
Always flee from sin and from places suspected of corruption and contamination. Playing around in the lanes and alleys of disobedience, and playing the hero on the field of sin, is certain defeat!
Even if someone who flees from sin is unwillingly trapped in its domain, God, the All-Powerful, will save them!
Preserving well-being and health is easier than trying to ward off affliction and illness!
A warning: A house that has been demolished, even if rebuilt, is hard to restore to its former state!
❇️Protect your rawʿ within God’s impregnable fortress
Many cases of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and emotional and psychological distress stem from the captivity of the “human rawʿ,” the “influence of Satan,” and “forgetfulness of God.”
Although such conditions are sometimes clinical disorders and should be treated with scientific and psychological therapies.
❇️God’s Throne: the perceptual faculty of the perfected human being
The human rawʿ must be connected to the rawʿ of the universe and, from there, to the Divine Throne, the supreme manifestation of divine knowledge!
Whoever’s rawʿ falls captive to Satan is deprived of a tremendous blessing; Satan knows where to strike first!
❇️When ignorance sets out to teach knowledge!
Just as we take care to prepare our food, we must also devote due attention to providing spiritual nourishment!
✨🔆Abasa: 24 فَلْيَنْظُرِ الْإِنْسانُ إِلى طَعامِهِ
🔆Let the human being look at their food!
The enemy approaches in a friend’s guise to deliver a devastating blow! Slick, seductive slogans are among the weapons of a formidable enemy!
A corrupted world is far from knowledge; today’s world is caught up in pseudo-science! The world is headed for darkness, sinking to the bottom of ignorance’s well!
When ignorance tries to teach knowledge, it only multiplies ignorance, while knowledge is cast aside and exiled!
If Satan teaches nobility and enlightenment, honor and radiance will depart!
If a microbe teaches medicine, health will perish in an instant!
If Satan rules over the heart, the gates of the lowest depths will swing open!
Today’s world is one in which Satan holds sway over the souls of those given to wishful desires and suspicion!
The “rawʿ” of society today is under Satan’s control!
“The minds” of many politicians around the world are in the service of Satan. This is the source of oppression, ignorance, hardship and darkness on earth!
❇️Do not give Satan room to turn your thoughts against you
Do not give Satan the opportunity to plot against you. Before he sets his sights on taking possession of your mind, take the initiative and disrupt his own! That is, seek refuge with God from his evil!
❇️The secret of seeking refuge before reciting the Qur’an
Satan sits atop a treasure!
If Satan takes hold of either of the Two Weighty Things, or distorts and alters a person’s understanding of their interpretation and exegesis, of the clear and ambiguous verses, and of their particular features, then he has taken all that person’s wealth and worldly and otherworldly capital!
The Qur’an and the Ahl al-Bayt are the software of our faculty of understanding!
The immense hardware of the human being’s greater world can be set in motion only by the Two Weighty Things! Otherwise, satanic software of ignorance will take their place. Then a person’s inner realm will be transformed: the noble and exalted virtues will give way to repugnant and base traits.
The Qur’an and the Ahl al-Bayt are the first and last treasure of creation.
❇️Let us enter the sanctuary of the Qur’an and the Ahl al-Bayt sincerely
Many appear to be close to the Qur’an or the Ahl al-Bayt, yet their understanding of them is upside down.
Whenever you approach the presence of the Qur’an and the Ahl al-Bayt, seek refuge in God Most High through both.
Both when reciting the silent Qur’an and when turning to the speaking Qur’an!
When expressing love for the Ahl al-Bayt, begin by seeking refuge and invoking God’s name! Do not let Satan come between us and the truth of the Qur’an and the Ahl al-Bayt!
❇️Seeking refuge is both a declaration of aversion to Satan and a means of equipping oneself with a defensive shield!
Those who embrace a dog without hesitation do not recognise its filth. Worse still are those who keep Satan as a companion!
They provide him with food and drink from the capital of their own being!
✨🔆النحل : 98 فَإِذا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ الرَّجيمِ
🔆When you recite the Qur’an, seek refuge in God from Satan, the accursed.
✨🔆النحل : 99 إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ سُلْطَانٌ عَلىَ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَ عَلىَ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ
For he has no authority over those who believe and put their trust in their Lord.
✨🔆النحل : 100 إِنَّمَا سُلْطَنُهُ عَلىَ الَّذِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُ وَ الَّذِينَ هُم بِهِ مُشْرِكُونَ
🔆His authority extends only over those who take him as their protector, and those who associate others with Him [God] (obeying Satan instead of God).
❇️Let the intention to seek refuge be present, even if it is not spoken aloud
💫🔆عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: أَوَّلُ كُلِّ كِتَابٍ نَزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ» فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ» فَلَا تُبَالِي أَلَّا تَسْتَعِيذَ، وَ إِذَا قَرَأْتَ «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ» سَتَرَ بِكَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ.[1]
🔆It is narrated from Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him) that he said: I heard him say, “The first thing sent down from heaven was the phrase ‘بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ’ (In the name of God, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful). Therefore, when you recite ‘بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ’, you need not seek refuge in God from Satan; and whenever you recite ‘بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ’, God will cover you (protect you) between heaven and earth.”
☘️When someone carries a vast treasure, they need a mighty protector! The immense treasure of the Qur’an and the Prophet’s Household—the greater world, the beginning and end of the entire record of existence—requires immense protection!
From reciting the silent Qur’an to reciting the speaking Qur’an, from praising the Prophet’s Household to exploring the realm of knowing them!
How many a reciter the Qur’an may curse; how many an extremist among the Prophet’s Household’s followers they may curse!
Let us love the Qur’an and the Prophet’s Household for God’s sake, not for the sake of our own desires; otherwise, we may become like ISIS—or like the extremists!
💫🔆 قَالَ ص رُبَ تَالِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ الْقُرْآنُ يَلْعَنُهُ.[2]
🔆How many a reciter of the Qur’an it may curse.
❇️Seek refuge in God from Satan’s incitements
Taken together, *nazgh* means sowing corruption and hostility between two people (or among a group), turning one against another, breeding suspicion and stirring people up; it means driving a wedge between a person and the truth, between a human being and reason, between a human being and the spirit of faith, between a human being and conscience, and between a human being and the Two Weighty Things.
In other words, *nazgh* is Satan’s corrupting, barbed, poisonous insinuation. Among Satan’s incitements is temptation.
❇️Seek refuge in God from Satan’s temptations
Wasw
A low, hidden, quiet sound—the hunter’s whisper.
Temptation is connected with doubt and associating partners with God.
Temptation goes hand in hand with the weakening of reason. It is a kind of provocation and preparation for carrying out a particular act, accompanied by the stirring of desire or appetite.
❇️Seek refuge in God from Satan’s assaults
*Hamazāt* are operations involving blows and pressure.
They drain a person’s essence, break them down and steal their mind.
With a goad, Satan drives his followers headlong toward corruption.
Among the meanings of *hammāz* is backbiting in someone’s absence, and of *lammāz*, backbiting to someone’s face.
Fault-finding backbiting is one of Satan’s assaults.
*Nazgh*, temptation and *hamz* may come as insinuation, speech, illusion, imagination, waves, touch, smell, colour, or any of its variations.
❇️God’s name is God’s impregnable fortress
💫🔆فِي قُرْبِ الْإِسْنَادِ لِلْحِمْيَرِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ الْمَغْرِبَ قَالَ: فَتَعَوَّذَ بِإِجْهَارٍ: «أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ انْ يَحْضُرُونِ» ثُمَّ جَهَرَ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ.[3]
🔆In the book *Qurb al-Isnād* by al-Himyari, it is narrated through his chain of transmission from Hannān ibn Sudayr: “I prayed the evening prayer behind Imam Ja‘far al-Sadiq (peace be upon him). He recited aloud: «أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ انْ يَحْضُرُونِ» (I seek refuge in God, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from Satan, the accursed; and I seek refuge in God lest [Satan] hem me in or seize me). Then he recited aloud: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ».
❇️Satan’s hand cannot reach the hem of a believer’s celestial realm
💫🔆عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ:
فَإِذا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ الرَّجِيمِ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ سُلْطانٌ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَلى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ فَقَالَ: يَا بَا مُحَمَّدِ يُسَلِّطُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِ عَلَى بَدَنِهِ وَ لَا يُسَلِّطُ عَلَى دِينِهِ، وَ قَدْ سُلِّطَ عَلَى أَيُّوبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَشَوَّهَ خَلْقَهُ وَ لَمْ يُسَلَّطْ عَلَى دِينِهِ، وَ قَدْ يُسَلَّطُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى أَبْدَانِهِمْ وَ لَا يُسَلَّطُ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ، قُلْتُ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنَّما سُلْطانُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُ وَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ بِهِ مُشْرِكُونَ قَالَ: الَّذِينَ هُمْ بِاللَّهِ مُشْرِكُونَ، يُسَلَّطُ عَلَى أَبْدَانِهِمْ وَ عَلَى أَدْيَانِهِمْ. [4]
🔆 It is narrated from Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) that I said to him, “Should you seek refuge [and say: أَعوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيطانِ الرَّجِيمِ] when you recite the Qur’an? For God says, ‘إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ سُلْطانٌ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَلى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ’ (He has no authority over those who believe and put their trust in their Lord).”
The Imam replied, “O son of Muhammad [ṣ], God may give the devil power over a believer’s body [so that he suffers hardship], but not over his faith. Just as the devil was given power over Job (peace be upon him) and changed his appearance, yet had no power over his faith, so too he may be given power over the bodies of some believers, but not over their faith.”
I said, “But God says, ‘إِنَّما سُلْطانُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُ وَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ بِهِ مُشْرِكُونَ» (تسلّط He has authority only over those who follow him and those who associate others with him in worship.’”
The Imam replied, “Associating others with God means disbelief. The devil has power over their bodies and their faith.”
❇️Seeking refuge is God’s pledge of protection against the devil’s prompting
✨🔆Al-Aʿrāf: 200 وَ إِمَّا يَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ سَميعٌ عَليمٌ
🔆If a prompting from Satan stirs you, seek refuge in God. He is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.
❇️Seek refuge in God with all your heart
✨🔆Ghāfir: 56 إِنَّ الَّذينَ يُجادِلُونَ في آياتِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ سُلْطانٍ أَتاهُمْ إِنْ في صُدُورِهِمْ إِلاَّ كِبْرٌ ما هُمْ بِبالِغيهِ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّميعُ الْبَصيرُ
🔆Those who dispute God’s signs without any proof that has come to them have nothing in their hearts but pride, and they will never attain their goal. So seek refuge in God; He is All-Hearing, All-Seeing.
✨🔆Fuṣṣilat: 36 وَ إِمَّا يَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّميعُ الْعَليمُ
🔆If a prompting from Satan comes upon you, seek refuge in God. He is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.
❇️Anger is one of Satan’s promptings
💫🔆قَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: كَيْفَ يَا رَبِّ الْغَضَبُ؟ فَنَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ: وَ إِمَّا يَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ نَزْغٌ. [5]
🔆 Ibn Zayd says: When this verse was revealed, the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said, “My Lord, what is meant by anger?” Then the following Qur’anic phrase was revealed: “وَ إِمَّا يَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ نَزْغٌ.
❇️A healing remedy for whisperings
💫🔆فِي كِتَابِ الْخِصَالِ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: إِذَا وَسْوَسَ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَى أَحَدِكُمْ فَلْيَسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ وَ لْيَقُلْ آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ وَ بِرَسُولِهِ مُخْلِصاً لَهُ الدِّينَ. [6]
🔆 In *Khiṣāl*, it is related that the Commander of the Faithful, ʿAlī (peace be upon him), said: “Whenever Satan tempts one of you, let him seek refuge in God and say: ‘آمنْتُ بِاللَّهِ وَ بِرَسُولِهِ مُخْلِصاً لَهُ الدِّینَ’” (I bear witness that I believe in God and His Messenger, and that I devote my religion sincerely to Him.)
❇️The shield of the God-fearing
💫🔆 فِي تَفْسِيرِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ «وَ إِمَّا يَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ نَزْغٌ» قَالَ: إِنْ عَرَضَ فِي قَلْبِكَ مِنْهُ شَيْءُ وَسْوَسَةٍ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ ثمّ قال: «إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ» قال: إذا ذكرهم الشيطان المعاصي و حملهم عليها يذكرون اللّه فإذا هم مبصرون. [7]
🔆 In the commentary of ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm on the verse “وَ إِمَّا يَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ نَزْغٌ,” it says: “If a prompting from Satan touches your heart, seek refuge in God; surely He is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” Then he said: “إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ” (Indeed, when those who are mindful of God are touched by a prompting from Satan, they remember God, and suddenly they see clearly.) He (peace be upon him) explained: This means that when Satan reminds them of sins and urges them to commit them, they remember God and suddenly see clearly.
❇️Let us heed the warning to flee from sin
💫🔆- فِي رَوْضَةِ الْكَافِي كَلَامٌ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ: فِي الْوَعْظِ وَ الزُّهْدِ فِي الدُّنْيَا يَقُولُ فِيهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: وَ احْذَرُوا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ وَ الْمَعَاصِي مَا قَدْ نَهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا وَ حَذَّرَكُمُوهَا فِي كِتَابِهِ الصَّادِقِ بِالْبَيَانِ النَّاطِقِ، فَلَا تَأْمَنُوا مَكْرَ اللَّهِ وَ تَحْذِيرَهُ عِنْدَ مَا يَدْعُوكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ اللَّعِينُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ عَاجِلِ الشَّهَوَاتِ وَ اللَّذَّاتِ فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ فَأَشْعِرُوا قُلُوبَكُمْ [اللَّهَ أَنْتُمْ] خَوْفَ اللَّهِ وَ تَذَكَّرُوا مَا قَدْ وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَرْجِعِكُمْ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حُسْنِ ثَوَابِهِ كَمَا قَدْ خَوَّفَكُمْ مِنْ شَدِيدِ الْعِقَابِ. [8]
🔆 In *Rawḍat al-Kāfī*, a saying of Imam Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (peace be upon him) is related. In his counsel and admonitions concerning renouncing the world, he says: “O people! Beware of the sins and acts of disobedience that God has forbidden you and against which He has warned you in His true and eloquent Book. When Satan, the accursed, invites you to the fleeting pleasures and desires of this world, do not take lightly God’s warning and admonition. God, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ’” (Indeed, when those who are mindful of God are touched by a prompting from Satan, they remember God, and suddenly they see clearly.) “So fill your hearts with awe of God, and remember His promises of a fine reward at the end of your lives, just as He has warned you of the severity of His punishment.”
❇️Remembrance of God delivers you from the fire of sin
💫🔆- فِي كِتَابِ الْخِصَالِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: ثَلَثَةٌ مِنْ أَشَدِّ مَا عُمِلَ: إِنْصَافُ الْمُؤْمِنِ نَفْسَهُ وَ مُوَاسَاةُ الْمُوَاخَاةِ، وَ ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ، وَ هُوَ أَنْ يَذْكُرَ اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَعْصِيَةِ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: «إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ»[9].
🔆 In the book *Khaṣāʾil*, Abū Baṣīr relates from Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) that he said: “Three things are among the hardest acts for the human self: treating oneself fairly, helping one’s fellow believer, and remembering God in every circumstance.” Remembering God in every circumstance means remembering Him when one is on the verge of sin. This is what God says عزّ و جلّ است: «إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ.
❇️One who refrains from sin
💫🔆فِي أُصُولِ الْكَافِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ:
“إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ» قَالَ: هُوَ الْعَبْدُ يَهُمُّ بِالذَّنْبِ ثُمَّ يَتَذَكَّرُ فَيُمْسِكُ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: «تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ”.[10]
🔆 In *Uṣūl al-Kāfī*, we read: Abū ʿAlī al-Ashʿarī relates from Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār, from Ibn Faḍḍāl, from Thaʿlaba ibn Maymūn, from Abū Baṣīr, who said: I asked Imam al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him) about the words of God, the Mighty and Majestic: “إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ” (When a prompting from Satan touches them, they remember God, and at once they see clearly). The Imam said: “This refers to a servant who considers committing a sin, then remembers God and refrains. This is what is meant by the expression ‘تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ’.”
❇️The key to breaking free from the chains of sin
💫🔆- فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْعَيَّاشِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: سَئَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: «إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ» قَالَ: هُوَ الذَّنْبُ يَهُمُّ بِهِ الْعَبْدُ فَيَتَذَكَّرُ فَيَدَعُهُ. [11]
🔆 In *Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī*, I asked ʿAbd al-Aʿlā about the words of God: “إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ” (Those who are mindful of God, when a prompting from Satan touches them, remember God, and at once they see clearly). The Imam said: “This refers to a sin that a servant considers committing, then remembers God and abandons it.”
❇️Sincere remembrance of God wards off Iblīs’s attacks
💫🔆- عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ:
“إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ» مَا ذَلِكَ [الطَّائِفُ]؟ فَقَالَ: هُوَ السَّيِّئُ يَهُمُّ بِهِ الْعَبْدُ ثُمَّ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ فَيُبْصِرُ وَ يُقَصِّرُ. [12]
🔆 It is related from ʿAlī ibn Abī Ḥamza, from Imam al-Ṣādiq (peace be upon him): I asked him about the words of God: “إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذا مَسَّهُمْ طائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ” I asked, “What is this ‘ṭāʾif’ (prompting/whisper)?” The Imam replied: “It means that a servant considers doing something wicked, then remembers God, sees clearly, and holds back—that is, refrains from sin.”
❇️Remembrance is the key to escaping the captivity of sin
💫🔆- أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنْهُ قَالَ: هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَهُمُّ بِالذَّنْبِ ثُمَّ يَتَذَكَّرُ فَيَدَعُهُ. [13]
🔆 Abū Baṣīr relates from him: “It means that a man considers committing a sin, then remembers God and abandons it.”
✅A Quranic prescription for warding off satanic promptings
✨🔆The Believers 23:97 وَ قُلْ رَبِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ هَمَزاتِ الشَّياطينِ
🔆And say: “My Lord, I seek refuge in You from the promptings of the devils!
✨🔆The Believers 23:98 وَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ رَبِّ أَنْ يَحْضُرُونِ
🔆And I seek refuge in You, my Lord, lest they come near me!”
💫🔆 فإذا أوى إلى فراشه فليقل-
أَعُوذُ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِقُدْرَةِ اللَّهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِجَمَالِ اللَّهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِسُلْطَانِ اللَّهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِجَبَرُوتِ اللَّهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِمَلَكُوتِ اللَّهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِدَفْعِ اللَّهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِجَمْعِ اللَّهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِمُلْكِ اللَّهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِرَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ وَ ذَرَأَ وَ بَرَأَ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ الْعَامَّةِ وَ السَّامَّةِ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ فَسَقَةِ الْجِنِّ وَ الْإِنْسِ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ فَسَقَةِ الْعَرَبِ وَ الْعَجَمِ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ أَنْتَ آخِذٌ بِناصِيَتِها إِنَّ رَبِّي عَلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ النَّوْمَ فَلْيَتَوَسَّدْ يَمِينَهُ وَ لْيَقُلْ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَ بِاللَّهِ وَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ نَفْسِي إِلَيْكَ وَ وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِي إِلَيْكَ وَ فَوَّضْتُ أَمْرِي إِلَيْكَ وَ أَلْجَأْتُ ظَهْرِي إِلَيْكَ رَغْبَةً مِنْكَ وَ رَهْبَةً إِلَيْكَ لَا مَلْجَأَ وَ لَا مَنْجَى مِنْكَ إِلَّا إِلَيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ آمَنْتُ بِكُلِّ كِتَابٍ أَنْزَلْتَهُ وَ بِكُلِّ رَسُولٍ أَرْسَلْتَهُ
ثم يسبح تسبيح الزهراء ع ثم يقرأ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ و المعوذتين ثلاث مرات و آية السخرة و شَهِدَ اللَّهُ و إِنَّا أَنْزَلْناهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ إحدى عشرة مرة
لا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ- لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحْيِي وَ يُمِيتُ وَ هُوَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ- وَ هُوَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ- أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي يُمْسِكُ السَّماءَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ وَ ذَرَأَ وَ بَرَأَ وَ أَنْشَأَ وَ صَوَّرَ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ الشَّيْطَانِ وَ شَرِكِهِ وَ نَزْغِهِ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ شَيَاطِينِ الْإِنْسِ وَ الْجِنِّ وَ أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ السَّامَّةِ وَ الْهَامَّةِ وَ اللَّامَّةِ وَ الْخَاصَّةِ وَ الْعَامَّةِ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ ما يَنْزِلُ مِنَ السَّماءِ وَ ما يَعْرُجُ فِيها وَ مِنْ شَرِّ ما يَلِجُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ ما يَخْرُجُ مِنْها وَ مِنْ شَرِّ طَوَارِقِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ إِلَّا طَارِقاً يَطْرُقُ بِخَيْرٍ بِاللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ اسْتَعَنْتُ وَ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَ هُوَ حَسْبِي وَ نِعْمَ الْوَكِيل[14]
🔆 When he goes to bed, he should say:
I seek refuge in the might of God; I seek refuge in the power of God; I seek refuge in the beauty of God; I seek refuge in the sovereignty of God; I seek refuge in the majesty of God; I seek refuge in the kingdom of God; I seek refuge in God’s warding off of harm; I seek refuge in God’s gathering and ordering of all things; I seek refuge in the dominion of God; I seek refuge in the mercy of God; and I seek refuge in the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, from the evil of all that He has created, brought into being, and made manifest; from the evil of ill-wishing people; from the evil of every venomous creature; from the evil of the wicked among jinn and humankind; from the evil of the wicked among Arabs and non-Arabs; and from the evil of every creature that moves by night or day. You hold them all in Your hand. Surely my Lord is on a straight path.
Then, when he is ready to sleep, he should rest his right side beneath his head—that is, lie on his right side—and say:
In the name of God, by God, in the way of God, and according to the religion of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family. O God, I have surrendered my soul to You, turned my face towards You, entrusted my affairs to You, and leaned upon You, longing for You and fearing You. There is no refuge from You, nor escape from Your punishment, except by turning to You. O God, I believe in every Book You have sent down and every Prophet You have sent.
Then he should recite the glorifications of Lady Fatima (peace be upon her): thirty-four times “God is greatest,” thirty-three times “Praise be to God,” and thirty-three times “Glory be to God.”
Then he should recite Sūrat al-Tawḥīd (قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ), and the two protective suras, al-Falaq and al-Nās, three times; and Āyat al-Sakhrah, the verse «شَهِدَ اللَّهُ», and the surah إِنَّا أَنْزَلْناهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ eleven times.
(Then he should say:)
There is no god but Allah, alone, without partner. To Him belong sovereignty and praise. He gives life and causes death, and He is the Ever-Living, who never dies. All good is in His hand, and He has power over all things.
Then he should say:
I seek refuge in God, who holds the heavens back from falling upon the earth except by His permission, from the evil of all that He has created, brought forth, originated, begun, and fashioned; from the evil of Satan, his accomplices, and his promptings; and from the evil of the devils among humankind and jinn. I seek refuge in the perfect words of God, and from the evil of venomous and deadly creatures (and anything that may bring the evil eye), and (any affliction that may befall me), and the ill-wishers among the elite and the common people; from the evil of what descends from heaven and what ascends into it; from the evil of what enters the earth and what emerges from it; and from the evil of those who knock by night and by day, except one who knocks with good (the angel of mercy). I have sought refuge and help in God, the All-Merciful; I have placed my trust in God, and He is sufficient for me—an excellent trustee.
💫🔆 كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعَلِّمُنَا كَلِمَاتٍ نَقُولُهُنَّ عِنْدَ النَّوْمِ مِنَ الْفَزَعِ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ مِنْ غَضَبِهِ وَعِقَابِهِ، وَ شَرِّ عِبَادِهِ، وَمِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ، وَأَنْ يَحْضُرُونِ. [15]
🔆 The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, used to teach us words to say when we were frightened in our sleep (or woke with a start): « بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ مِنْ غَضَبِهِ وَعِقَابِهِ، وَ شَرِّ عِبَادِهِ، وَمِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ، وَأَنْ يَحْضُرُونِ»(In the name of God, I seek refuge in the perfect words of God from His anger and His punishment, from the evil of His servants, from the whisperings of the devils, and from their coming near [in my sleep or in my presence].)
🌼Ali Saei (Abdullah Meshkat) 110.141 (903)🌼
❇️A structured summary of the text “The Effects of Oppression and Ignorance: The Rule of Satan”
✨1. Key concept: “Rūʿ” (the perceptual-emotional system)
The rūʿ is the primary seat of human perception and feeling, and must be guarded like a precious jewel.
Satan’s seizure of the rūʿ lies at the root of many psychological problems (depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety) and moral ills (oppression, ignorance, and darkness in society).
The human rūʿ should be connected to the Divine Throne (the manifestation of God’s knowledge), not held captive by Satan.
✨2. The main strategy: prevention and fleeing from sin
The best way to remain safe from sin is to flee from it and seek refuge in God.
True courage lies in never experiencing sin, not in escaping it after it has occurred.
Warning: what is rebuilt after destruction will never be like the original.
✨3. Seeking refuge: a stronghold from God
Seeking refuge is both an expression of rejection of Satan and a defensive shield.
Even when it is only an intention, seeking refuge is effective; reciting «بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم» is one form of it.
An example is Imam al-Sadiq’s (AS) seeking refuge during prayer: «أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ يَحْضُرُونِ»
✨4. Concepts related to Satanic attacks:
Nazgh: sowing corruption, resentment, and suspicion, and creating distance between a person and truth, reason, or conscience.
Waswasah: a quiet voice accompanied by doubt and shirk, weakening the faculty of reason and stirring the appetites.
Hamz: an assault involving blows and pressure, such as backbiting (in person or in one’s absence) and corrupting insinuations.
✨5. The effects of Satan’s rule: oppression and ignorance
The world today is beset by pseudo-science; when ignorance takes up the pursuit of knowledge, it only multiplies ignorance.
When Satan teaches a lesson in intellectualism, spiritual illumination departs.
Satan’s conquest of politicians’ “ruʿ” is a cause of oppression and darkness on earth.
✨6. The Qur’an and the Ahl al-Bayt: the operating system of perception
These two treasures alone bring the hardware of human existence to life.
Satan lies in wait over these treasures; distorting one’s understanding of the Qur’an and the Ahl al-Bayt means losing all one’s capital in this world and the next.
A warning: many a reciter of the Qur’an is cursed by the Qur’an itself (because of a perverted understanding or submission to the lower self).
✨7. Practical remedies for warding off Satan:
Key verses: Sūrat al-Naḥl (98–100), al-Aʿrāf (200), al-Muʾminūn (97–98), and Fuṣṣilat (36).
The remedy for whisperings: saying “آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ وَ بِرَسُولِهِ مُخْلِصاً لَهُ الدِّینَ”.
Remembrance in moments of anger and provocation: seeking refuge in God, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.
A remembrance to recite when frightened in a dream: “بِسْمِ اللَّهِ، أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ مِنْ غَضَبِهِ وَعِقَابِهِ، وَ شَرِّ عِبَادِهِ، وَمِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ، وَأَنْ يَحْضُرُونِ”.
✨8. Ethical and educational lesson:
When the Godwary are touched by Satan’s whisperings, they remember God and regain their sight.
Remembering God at the moment one decides to sin is the hardest thing to do—but it is what saves us.
Fleeing sin + reliance on God = rendering Satan’s dominion powerless.
✨9. Final emphasis:
Protecting individual and collective “ruʿ” is possible only through constant seeking of refuge in God, remembrance of Him, and avoidance of places of corruption.
Oppression and ignorance are the natural consequences of Satan’s dominion over the human heart and intellect.
✅ This text emphasizes a preventive approach: safeguarding the perceptual system (“ruʿ”) and seeking refuge in God as an enduring shield against Satan.
❇️An aesthetic supplement (literary, mystical, and conceptual)
The aesthetic, symbolic, and purifying dimensions of the discussion of “seeking refuge in God and Satan’s dominion”
🌹 An aesthetic supplement to “Oppression and Ignorance: The Effects of Satan’s Dominion”
With emphasis on the hidden melodies of “ruʿ,” the music of the Divine Names, and the illumination of concepts
✨1. “Ruʿ” as a mirror between two horizons
“Ruʿ” is not merely a perceptual system; it is a mirror whose one side opens onto the realm of creation, and the other onto the realm of the unseen.
If this mirror turns towards Satan, its reflection will be nothing but darkness, doubt, hatred, and anxiety.
If it is polished towards God, the light of «عَلى نُورٍ» will shine within it.
✨2. The music of seeking refuge: the rhythm and melody of shelter
Seeking refuge is not merely a utterance; it is a melody that keeps the frequency of one’s being from resonating with Satan’s evil.
The word «أَعُوذُ» itself holds a tremor of fear and a delight in intimacy. Repeated in prayer, as a daily and nightly litany, and upon entering dark places, it drives away, like ذِکْرِ «لا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ», the demons within.
A poetic flourish:
O heart, if the cry «أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ» does not rise from you,
the demon, in the solitude of your ruʿ, will set up a dance of defilement.
✨3. Satan, poet of crooked thought and enemy of reason
In this poetic vision, Satan is an “exiled poet” whose rhymes all revolve around «كِبْر», «حَسَد» and «یأس». He makes them chime with «أَنَا خَیرٌ مِنهُ».
If ignorance acquires knowledge, it becomes a poem in the metre *faʿūlun*—but in the *baḥr* of misguidance.
If a microbe practises medicine, it turns the cure into poison and healing into sickness.
The lyricism of the passage:
Beware! Satan’s poetry is set to the tunes of “wishful thinking” and “mere conjecture”;
only the melody “بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِیمِ” can break this metre of ruin.
✨4. “The Two Weighty Things” as two volumes of mystical ghazals
The Qur’an and the Prophet’s Household are two volumes of mystical ghazals, composed by God and recited by the Messenger.
Every verse of the Qur’an is a line rhyming with “هُدیً لِّلْمُتَّقِینَ”.
Every word of an Imam is a hemistich linking the “spirit” to the court of “لَوْلاکَ لَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْأَفْلاک”.
✨A lyrical warning:
An extremist is one who puts poetry in place of truth.
A Daesh militant is one who puts song in place of awe of God.
The only way is “seeking refuge while praising” and “repenting while loving.”
✨5. “Nazhgha, waswasa, hamza” as three demonic rhythms
Nazhgha: the rhythm of resentment and estrangement—a melody that separates two hearts.
Waswasa: a soft, beguiling rhythm—the whisper of a hunter lying in wait.
Hamza: a crushing, oppressive rhythm—a hammer striking the body of the soul.
The lyricism of the passage:
O bird of the soul, if you hear these three melodies,
spread your wings toward the heavens of “فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ”
where the melody “أَلَا بِذِکْرِ اللَّهِ تَطْمَئِنُّ الْقُلُوبُ” is sung.
✨6. Anger, a fire kindled by Satan’s promptings
The text notes that anger is one of Satan’s promptings. In this lyrical vision, anger is a fire that consumes the harvest of the spirit and smokes out reason.
The Prophet (PBUH) asked, “کَیْفَ یَا رَبِّ الْغَضَبُ?” and the reply came: “وَ إِمَّا يَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ نَزْغٌ”
That is: whenever you grow angry, know that Satan’s sting has pierced you. So seek refuge at once.
The lyricism of the passage:
Anger is the demon’s intoxicating wine;
seeking refuge is a whisper that turns intoxication into wakefulness.
✨7. The remedy for waswasa: the hymn of sincerity
The Commander of the Faithful (AS) said: When you are assailed by waswasa, say:
“آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ وَ بِرَسُولِهِ مُخْلِصاً لَهُ الدِّینَ”
This phrase is like the deepest note in the mystical mode, silencing every false melody.
The lyricism of the passage:
Waswasa is an instrument out of tune;
sincerity is an ear that hears only the melody “إِیَّاکَ نَعْبُدُ”.
✨8. A lyrical summation: the human being, poet of choice
Either you compose a poem for God: “قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ”
or a poem for Satan: “لَأُزَیِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ فِی الْأَرْضِ”
Seeking refuge is the rhyme of deliverance.
بسم الله is the opening line of light.
And your “spirit” is a page on which are inscribed either verses of mercy or marks of damnation.
💫 Closing words of the supplement:
Each morning when you rise,
Before you open your eyes to this earthly world,
shelter your “spirit” in قَلْعَهِ حَصِینِ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ refuge,
so that Satan may not snatch you away, whether asleep or awake,
in anger or in desire,
in knowledge or in ignorance.
وَ مَا تَوْفِيقِي إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَ إِلَيْهِ أُنِيبُ
[1] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 3 84 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[2] Bihar al-Anwar (Beirut edition), vol. 89, p. 184 Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir ibn Muhammad Taqi, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi — Beirut, 2nd ed., 1403 AH.
[3] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 3 84 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[4] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 3 86 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[5] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 2 111 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[6] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 2 111 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[7] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 2 111 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[8] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 2 112 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[9] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 2 112 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[10] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 2 112 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[11] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 2 112 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[12] Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn vol. 2 112 Huwayzi, Abd Ali ibn Jum‘a, Isma‘iliyan — Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[13] Tafsīr Nūr al-Thaqalayn vol. 2 112 Ḥuwayzī, ʿAbd ʿAlī ibn Jumʿah, Ismāʿīliyān—Qom, Iran, 4th ed., 1415 AH.
[14] Miṣbāḥ al-Mutahajjid wa Silāḥ al-Mutaʿabbid; vol. 1; p. 120Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan, Muʾassasat Fiqh al-Shīʿah—Beirut, 1st ed., 1411 AH.
[15] Al-Durr al-Manthūr fī al-Tafsīr bi-l-Maʾthūr vol. 5 14 Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr, Public Library of His Eminence Grand Ayatollah Marʿashī Najafī (may he be shown mercy)—Qom, Iran, 1st ed., 1404 AH.
